Understanding Skin Aging with Dr. Tremblay: Normal Aging vs. Photoaging

Normal aging is a natural, gradual process influenced by genetics and the passage of time. “Typically, the first signs of normal aging begin to appear in the late 20s to early 30s,” says Dr. Tremblay. “The first signs of skin aging manifest as fine lines, particularly around the eyes (crow's feet) and mouth.”

As we age, our skin undergoes several changes, both visible and below the surface. The dermis, the second layer of skin, gradually becomes thinner, which can lead to a loss of elasticity and a more fragile skin texture. At the same time, collagen production decreases, contributing to sagging skin and wrinkles. Sebaceous glands also produce less oil, which can leave the skin feeling drier. Skin cell turnover slows as well, allowing dead skin cells to accumulate and making the complexion appear duller, rougher, and more uneven.

Photoaging refers to the premature aging of the skin caused by repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Dr. Tremblay notes that studies indicate UV exposure is the leading cause of premature skin aging, accounting for up to 90% of visible age-related skin changes.

Prolonged UV exposure not only accelerates skin aging but also increases the risk of skin cancer. UV radiation can damage the DNA in skin cells and lead to mutations associated with different types of skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Protecting the skin from UV exposure is therefore important for both skin health and the prevention of skin cancer.

Unlike normal aging, photoaging is largely preventable. UV radiation can break down collagen and elastin fibres, contributing to fine lines and wrinkles, while sun exposure can also cause age spots, freckles, and uneven pigmentation. Although a tan may seem protective, Dr. Tremblay explains that it is actually a sign of skin damage, with a “base tan” providing an inadequate SPF of only 2 to 4. Over time, UV damage can also contribute to a rougher, more leathery skin texture, as well as broken capillaries, redness, and more visible dilated blood vessels.

While the DNA damage caused by UV radiation is permanent, you can still improve the appearance of your skin. Treatments can’t reverse the DNA damage but can significantly address its visible effects. Solutions like chemical peels, laser resurfacing, and photorejuvenation help to diminish dark spots, smooth out uneven pigmentation, and reduce fine lines and wrinkles. They also promote the growth of new, healthy skin and stimulate collagen production. By employing these advanced treatments and effective skincare products, you can enhance the texture, tone, and overall radiance of your skin, mitigating the visible signs of photoaging and sun damage.